نشریه پژوهش های بالینی دام های بزرگ
پیاپی 17 (زمستان 1390)

The host response to infections and inflammatory conditions entitled acute phase response is a highly organized physiological reaction during which the concentrations of acute phase proteins change significantly. These changes in APP concentrations could be used as an index for the intensity and severity of infections and inflammations and the prognosis of diseases, health monitoring and the mode of host response to infection and/or treatment. In the present study the changes of SAA and Hp (as the major APPs in horses) have been studied in health and following turpentine injection in Khazar miniature horses. 30 miniature horses were categorized into two groups. The first group (n=15) received 5cc of turpentine subcutaneously and the second group (n=15) received the same volume of normal saline. Blood samples were taken at 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72, and 144 hours post injection. The ranges of SAA and Hp concentrations were 0-56.58 (mean=8.5 mg/l) and 0.41-2.95 (mean=1.53 g/l), respectively. The changes in SAA and Hp at different studied times were highly significant (P<0.001). The cut-points of Hp at 4, 48, 72, 144 hours post injection were 1.35, 1.43, 2.14 and 3.10 g/l, respectively and the cut-points of SAA were 52.8, 1517.3, 162.8, 479.5 mg/L, respectively at the same times. The results of this study show that SAA and Hp could be useful markers for health monitoring and evaluation of infectious and inflammatory conditions in Khazar miniature horses.

In avian medicine and surgery, sedation and anesthesia is necessary not only fordoing many surgeries, but also to perform routine examination and diagnostic procedures, especially in wild birds. Injectable anesthesia supposed a simple and abrupt method without requiring any sophisticated equipment. Ketamine is a common injectable anesthetic that is used for this purpose. Because of some adverse effects of the ketamine, this drug is used in combination with some other drugs. In present study, combination of ketamine (35 mg/kg) with four drugs: Tramadol (0.2 mg/kg), Midazolam (0.5 mg/kg), Hyoscine (0.04 mg/kg), and Atropine (0.05 mg/kg) has been investigated in broiler chickens anesthesia. Forty numbers of 25 days old broiler chickens, weighing 488.58±60.02 (Mean±SD) were arbitrary separated into 4 equal groups, followed by different ketamine combinations that were injected in pectoral muscles of chickens in each groups. Average time of anesthesia induction, maintenance, recovery and analgesia were recorded in different groups. Result indicated that the induction time of anesthesia varied significantly among all 4 groups (P≤0.05). Maximum and minimum time of induction anesthesia was attributed to ketamine-midazolam and ketamine-atropine combinations respectively. Maximum time of maintenance anesthesia defined with ketamine-midazolam combination (57.53±6.47 min), which significantly was longer than other ketamine combinations (P≤0.05). Ketamine-hyoscine and ketamnie-midazolam groups had maximum time of recovery and analgesia respectively (P≤0.05). Analysis of recorded results and also quality of anesthesia revealed that application of ketaminemidazolam combination is great value comparing with other three combinations in performing injectable anesthesia in broiler chickens.

Lingual salivary glands in domestic birds are located in the connective tissue under lingual epithelium with separated acinar forms. These glands are tubulo-alveolar type that including acidic sulfate carbohydrates and neutral compounds in broiler chicken. For this study, the specimens prepared of various lingual regions of 4 mature and healthy domestic goose and then fixed in 10% buffered formalin and performed various preparation tissue process on the specimens, investigated preparation serial sections with 5 μ thickness by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic acid Schiff (P.A.S) and alcian blue (AB) (PH=2.5) staining methods. The results of this research indicated that these glands were composed of mucous and serous acinars and tubulo- alveolar type. The most of this acinar were mucous type, P.A.S and AB positive. The results showed that mucous cells of this acinar were composed of natural and acidic sulfate carbohydrates that this acidity being due to the presence of carboxyl group. The results of this study did not show difference in type and structure of salivary gland in male and female sex.

In a completely randomized design, effect of supplemental vitamin E (VE) in Arian broiler breeder diet on hatching egg quality in the time of storing, were evaluated. Two hundred and eighty breeder hens and twenty eight males were allocated at random to one of seven experimental diets containing graded levels of supplementary VE (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 IU/kg diet) from 26 to 35 weeks of age. Egg quality indices were measured in 31 and 35 weeks of age and until 14 days after storing at those weeks. Experimental diets had no significant effect (P≥0.05) on fresh and stored egg quality in 31 week. In week 35 only, hens receiving supplemental VE higher than 40 IU/kg diet, had greater (P≤0.05) Haugh unit of their fresh eggs than control group (92.21, 93.89, 93.25, 94.61 and 93.09 vs. 87.06 respectively). One week after storing (week 35), hens receiving 60 and 120 IU of VE/kg diet had greater (P≤0.05). Haugh unit of their eggs than control group (84.81 and 85.23 vs. 75.39 respectively). Two weeks after storing (week 35), hens receiving 60 IU of VE/kg diet had greater (P≤0.05). Haugh unit of their eggs than control group, only (74.52 vs. 67.50 respectively). Based on the results of this study, it seems that high levels of VE in older broiler breeder diet can improve hatching egg internal quality at the time of storing.

Ethidium bromide is a mutagenic and carcinogenic substance which is widely used in medical and biology laboratories. Due to the high consumption of this substance in recent years, its solubility in water, stability in environment, entry to aquatic ecosystems and finally its potential effects as an impairing circulatory system, in this study the effects of ethidium bromide on some hematological parameters was examined. In this study, the concentrations of ethidium bromide (20, 30 and 40 mg/100 liter water) were added to the fish aquarium and after 15 days blood sample were taken. Comparing the different experimental groups with control group was performed by ANOWA. The number of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the ethidium bromide groups decreased significantly in comparison with control group (P<0.05). The number of white blood cells in the concentration of 20 mg/100 liter ethidium bromide was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The number of platelets at the three ethidium bromide concentrations shows significant increase than the control group (P<0.05). Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in the concentration of 30 mg/100 liter ethidium bromide was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in the concentration of 20 mg/100 liter ethidium bromide was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Ethidium bromide as a chemical stressor by altering the number of blood cells, affects the homeostasis of circulatory system. So chronic contamination of aquatic ecosystem by ethidium bromide threaten the aquatic life and ultimately human.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feed restriction on broiler performance and incidence of ascites. Live material of the experiment consisted of 280 male chicks day-old commercial (Ross-308) broiler chicks. The experiment was held with a randomly allocated control group and three treatment groups and five replicates.The birds were full fed ad libitum in the control group while the feeders were removed for 8, 16 and 24 hours per day for the treatment 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups respectively between the 15th and 22nd days. Average body weight gain and feed consumption, didn’t differ with treatment, but it effect on incidance ascites (P<0.05).

In this study the effects of different level of vitamin C in diet on blood factors and stimulation of immune responses of Barbus sharpeyi were investigated. Three hundred seventy five B. sharpeyi (21.6 ±2.26) were divided into five groups in triplicates. Treatments were fed with food supplemented with 0, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg.kg-1 vitamin C respectively for 60 days. Blood samples were taken from 5 fish in each aquarium. then hematological (RBC, WBC, Hb, HCV and RBC index) and immunological (Lysozyme activity and serum bactericidal activity) parameters were evaluated in each group. Ten fish in each aquarium were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and mortality of each treatment recorded for 14 days. Results showed that no significant differences were seen in PCV and Hb level among the groups (P>0.05).Lysozyme activity significantly increased in groups fed with 400 and 800 mg kg-1 Vitamin C. Serum bactericidal activity didn’t affected with different level of vitamin C supplemented food(P>0.05). After challenge mortality significantly decreased just in fish fed with food supplemented with 800 and 1600 mg kg-1 Vitamin C compare to control. It can be concluded that supplementation of food with 400, 800 and 1600 mg kg-1 Vitamin C can stimulate immune responses of B.sharpeyi.

Piranshahr city Due to possess of temperate climates condition and diverse pastures is of regions that breeding sheep and goats has flourished in that. Babesiosis is considered of most importance common diseases in sheep and goats and causes of high economic losses annually. In order to survey on babesia frequency, during two seasons (spring and summer 2010). Blood sampling of 300 sheep from different area of Piranshahr was performed and blood smear was taken immediately. The results was showed that 41.6 (125 sample) was infected by babesia. The infection to Babesia ovis and Babesia mutasi was 94.4% (118/125) and 5.6% (7/125) respectively. This study was indicated that frequency of infection to babesia in sheep of Piranshahr is high. Therefore, intransitive measurement with correct policy making to reduce the prevalence of this parasite is necessary.

Sarcocyst is a world wide zoonosis that infects many humans and animals. From the point of view of health and economy, it has a large amount of loss for many countries. The parasit is one of the most common in many wild mammalians, birds, poikilotherms and humans. Some of them causes sever or fatal diseases in their intermediate hosts. In this study, the rate of infection to sarcocyst has been investigated in sheep by two Methods macroscopic anddiagestiv method,in the slaughterhouse of Borujerd township. One hundared and eighty of sheep were randomly selected during two stages in three cities: borujerd, khoramabad and poldokhtar. at first stage, oesophagus, diaphragm, heart, scapular and femoral muscles have been inspected that in total 37% from of them had the cyst. second stage, the parts were tested by diagestiv method(pepsin: 2.5 grams; chlorous acid: 10 cc; phosphare-buffered saline 100cc) then the smears were prepared by gimsa staining. The specimen including bradyzoite considered as the positive. In conclution, 191 sample had bradyzoite. the study showed significant differences in two methods(P<0.01). Microscopicalmethod were sensitive rather than macroscopic methods relatively.

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of administration of prostaglandin F2α during early postpartum (15-20 day) on uterine involution, interval one, two, three and four service related conception, percentage of conception one, two, three and four service, the number of services per conception, open days and calving interval in dairy cows with postpartum defect. A total of 40 Holstein dairy cows with postpartum defect were randomly distributed into 2 groups; treatment group (n=20) and control group (n=20). Treatment group was intramuscularly injected with 2 doses (2 cc pre inject) prostaglandin F2α, 8 h apart on day 15-20 postpartum. The results showed that there was a significant difference between treatment group and control group for uterine involution, interval one and two service related conception (P<0.05). The percentage of conception one service was improved by injected prostaglandin F2α (40 % for treatment group vs. 25 % for control group). Also there was a significant difference between treatment group and control group for number of services per conception, open days and calving interval (P<0.05) as treatment group had the lowest number of services per conception, open days and calving interval. The results of present study showed that administration 2 doses of prostaglandin F2α 8 h apart on day 15-20 postpartum in dairy cows with postpartum defect can be beneficial effects on fertility index.